Parkways in New York

Standard parkway markers in New York
Highway names
Interstates	Interstate X (I-X)
US Highways	U.S. Route X (US X)
State	New York State Route X (NY X)
System links
New York Highways Interstate U.S. State Reference Parkways

Sign informing truckers it is illegal to use a parkway in New York City.

The majority of parkways in the US state of New York are part of a statewide parkway system owned by several public and private agencies but mostly maintained by the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT). A handful of other roads in the Hudson Valley and on Long Island are also known as parkways but are not part of the state system. The state parkway system introduced the concept of limited-access roads.^[1] These highways were not divided and allowed no driveway cuts, but did have intersections for some of the streets they crossed. A small section of the privately financed Long Island Motor Parkway was the first limited-access road to begin operation as a toll road^[2] and the first highway to use bridges and overpasses to eliminate intersections.^[3]

The individual parkways vary widely in composition. Some, such as the Sprain Brook Parkway, are functionally equivalent to a freeway; others, like Seven Lakes Drive, are a two-lane undivided surface road. The majority of parkways are located in downstate New York, where the state parkway system originated in the early 20th century.

Contents

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  1 State parkways
  
  
  
  • 
    1.1 List of parkways
    
  
  
  
  


• 
  2 Other parkways
  
  
  
  • 
    2.1 List of parkways
    
  
  
  
  


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  3 References
  


• 
  4 External links
  

State parkways

The state's parkway system originally began as a series of then-high-speed (25 miles per hour or 40 kilometres per hour) four-lane roads that were created to provide a scenic way into, out of, and around New York City. The first section of this system opened in 1908. Most of the early roads have been replaced and redesigned to address higher speed requirements and to increase capacity. In later sections north of New York City, the roadways were typically divided by a wide landscaped median and provided service areas along the way that offered fuel and restrooms.^[4] During the 1930s, urban planner Robert Moses developed a system of parkways in the New York City area.^[5] In Robert Caro's biography The Power Broker, he writes that Moses deliberately designed the parkways to have low bridges to prevent low-income families from traveling by bus to destinations outside of New York City.^[6][7]

Many of these parkways were built by regional agencies such as the Long Island State Park Commission (LISPC), New York City Parks Department, Taconic State Park Commission (TSPC), Westchester County Parks Commission (WCPC), and Palisades Interstate Park Commission (PIPC). Most are now maintained, if not owned, by NYSDOT outside New York City and the New York City Department of Transportation (NYCDOT) within New York City.

Today, the state parkways are for the most part equivalent to expressways and freeways built in other parts of the country, except for a few oddities. First, because many of these roads were either designed before civil engineers had experience building roads for automobile use or widened in response to increasing traffic, many New York parkways lack shoulders. Second, because designers focused more on making routes scenic rather than efficient, the parkways are meandering, often built to follow a river, and so contain many turns. Finally, because most use low, decorative stone-arch overpasses that would trap trucks, commercial vehicles, trucks and tractor trailers are banned from parkways.^[8] In Manhattan, this has led to the oddity of forcing all trucking onto local streets as the island has only one short interstate passing through Washington Heights, a neighborhood in Upper Manhattan.

List of parkways

Parkway	Opened	Region	From	To	Owner[9]	Maintained by[9]
Bay Parkway	1892 as 22nd Avenue	New York City	Brooklyn	Brooklyn	NYSDOT/NYCDOT	NYSDOT
Bay Parkway	N/A	Long Island	Jones Beach State Park	Jones Beach State Park	NYS OPRHP	NYSDOT
Bear Mountain State Parkway	1932	Hudson Valley	Peekskill	Cortlandt	NYSDOT	NYSDOT
Belt Parkway	1941	New York City	Brooklyn	Queens	NYSDOT/NYCDOT	NYSDOT/NYCDOT
Bethpage State Parkway	1936[10]	Long Island	Massapequa	Bethpage State Park	NYS OPRHP	NYSDOT
Bronx River Parkway	1908	Hudson Valley	The Bronx	New Castle	NYCDOT/Westchester County	NYCDOT/Westchester County
Cross County Parkway	1947	Hudson Valley	Yonkers	Eastchester	NYSDOT	NYSDOT
Cross Island Parkway	1940	New York City	Queens	Queens	NYCDOT	NYCDOT
Franklin D. Roosevelt East River Drive	1955	New York City	Lower Manhattan	Upper Manhattan	NYSDOT/NYCDOT	NYSDOT/NYCDOT
Grand Central Parkway	1936	New York City	Queens	New York City line	NYSDOT	NYSDOT
Harlem River Drive	1964	New York City	Upper Manhattan	Upper Manhattan	NYSDOT	NYSDOT
Heckscher State Parkway	1959[11]	Long Island	West Islip	Heckscher State Park	NYS OPRHP	NYSDOT
Henry Hudson Parkway	1937	New York City	Manhattan	New York City line	NYSDOT/NYCDOT/PANYNJ	NYSDOT/NYCDOT/PANYNJ
Hutchinson River Parkway	1928	Hudson Valley	The Bronx	Connecticut state line	NYSDOT/NYCDOT	NYSDOT/NYCDOT
Jackie Robinson Parkway	1935	New York City	Brooklyn	Queens	NYCDOT	NYSDOT
Korean War Veterans Parkway	1972	New York City	Staten Island	Staten Island	NYSDOT	NYSDOT
Lake Ontario State Parkway		Western New York	Carlton	Rochester	NYSDOT/NYS OPRHP	NYSDOT
Lake Welch Parkway	1971[12]	Hudson Valley	Harriman State Park	Harriman State Park	PIPC	NYSDOT
Long Mountain Parkway		Hudson Valley	Harriman State Park	Bear Mountain State Park	NYSDOT	NYSDOT
Loop Parkway	1934[13]	Long Island	Lido Beach	Jones Beach State Park	NYS OPRHP	NYSDOT
Meadowbrook State Parkway	1934[13]	Long Island	Jones Beach State Park	Westbury	NYS OPRHP	NYSDOT
Mosholu Parkway	1937	New York City	Bronx Park	Van Cortlandt Park	NYSDOT/NYCDOT	NYSDOT/NYCDOT
Niagara Scenic Parkway		Western New York	Niagara Falls	Porter	NYS OPRHP	NYSDOT
Northern State Parkway	1931	Long Island	New York City line	Hauppauge	NYS OPRHP	NYSDOT
Ocean Parkway		Long Island	Jones Beach State Park	Captree State Park	NYS OPRHP	NYSDOT
Palisades Interstate Parkway	1958[14]	Hudson Valley	Fort Lee, NJ	Bear Mountain State Park	PIPC	NYSDOT
Pelham Parkway		New York City	The Bronx	Pelham Bay Park	NYCDOT	NYCDOT
Prospect Mountain Veterans Memorial Highway	1969[15]	Adirondacks	Lake George	Prospect Mountain	NYSDEC	NYSDEC
Robert Moses Causeway		Long Island	Robert Moses State Park	West Islip	NYS OPRHP	NYSDOT
Sagtikos State Parkway	1952[16]	Long Island	West Islip	Commack	NYS OPRHP	NYSDOT
Saw Mill River Parkway	1954	Hudson Valley	New York City line	Bedford	NYS OPRHP	NYSDOT
Seven Lakes Drive		Hudson Valley	Sloatsburg	Bear Mountain State Park	PIPC	NYSDOT
Southern State Parkway	1949	Long Island	Valley Stream	West Islip	NYS OPRHP	NYSDOT
Sprain Brook Parkway	1961[17]	Hudson Valley	Yonkers	Hawthorne	NYSDOT	NYSDOT
Sunken Meadow State Parkway	1957[18]	Long Island	Commack	Sunken Meadow State Park	NYS OPRHP	NYSDOT
Taconic State Parkway	1925	Hudson Valley	North Castle	East Chatham	NYSDOT	NYSDOT
Wantagh State Parkway	1929	Long Island	Jones Beach State Park	Westbury	NYS OPRHP	NYSDOT
Whiteface Mountain Veterans Memorial Highway	1935[19]	Adirondacks	Wilmington	Whiteface Mountain	NYSDEC	NYSDEC

Other parkways

Some regions of New York have parkways that are not owned or maintained by a state agency. Westchester County, for example, contains some highways that were originally part of the TSPC and WCPC, while Suffolk County has preserved a section of the former Long Island Motor Parkway (LIMP) for current driving and built their own roads on land originally reserved for the LISPC. The surviving remnant of the LIMP in western Suffolk County, named the Vanderbilt Motor Parkway, became a surface street that is no longer a controlled-access road nor off-limits to commercial vehicles.

List of parkways

Parkway	Opened	Region	From	To	Owner	Maintained by
Arden Valley Road	1922	Hudson Valley	Harriman State Park	Harriman State Park	PIPC	PIPC
Central Westchester Parkway		Hudson Valley	White Plains	White Plains	Westchester County	Westchester County
Farragut Parkway		Hudson Valley	Hastings-on-Hudson	Hastings-on-Hudson	Westchester County	Westchester County
Fire Island Beach Road		Long Island	Fire Island	Fire Island	Suffolk County	Suffolk County
Memorial Parkway		Mohawk Valley	Genesee Street, Utica	Albany Street, Utica	City of Utica	City of Utica
Playland Parkway	1929[20]	Hudson Valley	Harrison	Playland	Westchester County	Westchester County
Tiorati Brook Road		Hudson Valley	Harriman State Park	Bear Mountain State Park	PIPC	PIPC
Vanderbilt Motor Parkway		Long Island	Melville	Lake Ronkonkoma	Suffolk County	Suffolk County
William Floyd Parkway		Long Island	Fire Island	Rocky Point	Suffolk County	Suffolk County

References

1. 
   ^ nycroads.com Bronx River Parkway
   


2. 
   ^ Sam Berlinner's Long Island Motor Parkway page; Map of Toll Booths on Long Island Motor Parkway
   


3. 
   ^ nycroads.com Long Island Motor Parkway
   


4. 
   ^ nycroads.com Long Island Parkway System History
   


5. 
   ^ Mauch, C.; Zeller, T. (2008). The World Beyond the Windshield: Roads and Landscapes in the United States and Europe. Ohio University Press. p. 63. ISBN 978-0-8214-1767-6. Retrieved 2018-03-11..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
   


6. 
   ^ DeWan, George (May 3, 1998). "The Master Builder: How planner Robert Moses transformed Long Island for the 20th Century and beyond". Newsday. New York City. p. A12. Although he denied it, the bridges on the parkways had been built too low to accommodate buses so that poor people without cars, especially minorities, could not get to parks and beaches. Caro said that he was told this privately by one of Moses' right-hand men, Sid Shapiro, who later himself became head of the park commission.
   


7. 
   ^ Campanella, Thomas J. (2017-07-09). "The True Measure of Robert Moses (and His Racist Bridges)". CityLab. Retrieved 2018-03-11.
   


8. 
   ^ New York State Department of Transportation - Got Stuck?
   


9. 
   ^ ^ab New York State Department of Transportation (January 2012). Official Description of Highway Touring Routes, Bicycling Touring Routes, Scenic Byways, & Commemorative/Memorial Designations in New York State (PDF). Retrieved May 26, 2012.
   


10. 
    ^ "New Highway Across Long Island To Link North and South Shores". The New York Times. November 15, 1936. p. N1.
    


11. 
    ^ "L.I. Parkway to Open". The New York Times. November 1, 1962. p. 45.
    


12. 
    ^ "Parkway Now Open". The Evening News. Newburgh, NY. June 28, 1971. p. 1B. Retrieved June 12, 2013.
    


13. 
    ^ ^ab "New Local Roads Soon; Meadowbrook Open for Traffic to Beaches". The New York Times. June 2, 1935. p. XX12.
    


14. 
    ^ "Palisades Route Will Open Today". The New York Times. August 28, 1958.
    


15. 
    ^ Brooks, Pamela A. (June 4, 2007). "Missing veterans honored on mountaintop". The Post-Star. Glens Falls, NY. Retrieved March 18, 2010.
    


16. 
    ^ "Two Main Long Island Parkways to Be Linked at East Ends Today". The New York Times. September 29, 1952. p. 25. Retrieved June 12, 2013.
    


17. 
    ^ "Parkway Section at Yonkers Opens". The New York Times. December 24, 1963. p. 19.
    


18. 
    ^ "L.I. Parkway Link Will Open Today; New Spur Connects Shore and Northern State Parkway". The New York Times. April 1, 1957. p. 27.
    


19. 
    ^ "Road Up Whiteface Opened To Traffic". The New York Times. July 21, 1935. p. 3.
    


20. 
    ^ Panetta, Roger (2006). Westchester: The American Suburb. Fordham University Press. p. 53. ISBN 9780823225941.
    

External links

• Official NYSDOT site

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