孕激素[1](英语:progestogens)是一类包括孕酮在内的激素。孕激素是五大类类固醇激素中的一大类,其他四种分别是雌激素、雄激素、盐皮质激素与糖皮质激素。所有孕激素都有着基于二十一个碳骨架的特征,这种骨架叫做孕甾烷骨架(C21)。与此相同,雌激素具有雌烷骨架(C18),而雄激素具有雄烷骨架(C19)。
参考文献
^ Oxford Dictionaries: progestogen Retrieved July 2, 2010
雄激素
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受体 |
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酶 (抑制剂)
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20,22-碳链裂解酶 |
- 22-ABC
- 3,3′-Dimethoxybenzidine
- 3-Methoxybenzidine
- Aminoglutethimide
- Cyanoketone
- Danazol
- Etomidate
- Mitotane
- Trilostane
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17α-羟化酶, 17,20-裂合酶 |
- 22-ABC
- 22-Oxime
- Abiraterone
- Bifonazole
- Clotrimazole
- Cyanoketone
- Cyproterone acetate
- Danazol
- Econazole
- Galeterone
- Gestrinone
- Isoconazole
- Ketoconazole
- L-39
- Levonorgestrel
- Liarozole
- LY-207,320
- MDL-27,302
- Miconazole
- Mifepristone
- Orteronel
- Pioglitazone
- Rosiglitazone
- Spironolactone
- Stanozolol
- SU-10,603
- TGF-β
- Tioconazole
- Troglitazone
- VN/87-1
- YM116
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3β-HSD (I, II)
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- 4-MA
- 阿扎斯丁
- 腈酮
- 达那唑
- 环氧司坦
- 金雀异黄素
- 孕三烯酮
- 左炔诺孕酮
- 美替拉酮
- 羟甲
- 吡格列酮
- 罗格列酮
- 曲洛斯坦
- 曲格列酮
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17β-HSD (I-XIV)
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5α還原酶 (I, II)
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- 22-Oxime
- Alfatradiol
- Azelaic acid
- β-Sitosterol
- Bexlosteride
- Dutasteride
- 表睾酮
- Epristeride
- Finasteride
- Izonsteride
- L-39
- Lapisteride
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, γ-linolenic acid, oleic acid)
- Turosteride
- Vitamin B6
- 锌
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芳香酶 |
- 1,4,6-Androstatriene-3,17-dione
- 4-Androstene-3,6,17-trione
- 4-Cyclohexylaniline
- 4-Hydroxytestosterone
- 5α-DHNET
- Abyssinone II
- Aminoglutethimide
- Anastrozole
抗坏血酸(维生素C)
- Atamestane
- Bifonazole
- CGP-45,688
- CGS-47,645
- Clotrimazole
- 双氢睾酮
- Difeconazole
- Econazole
- Exemestane
- Fadrozole
- Fenarimol
- Finrozole
- Formestane
- Imazalil
- Isoconazole
- Ketoconazole
- Letrozole
- Liarozole
- MEN-11066
- Miconazole
- Minamestane
- Nimorazole
- NKS01
- ORG-33,201
- Penconazole
- Plomestane
- Prochloraz
- Propioconazole
- Pyridoglutethimide
- Rogletimide
- Rotenone
- Talarozole
- Testolactone
- Tioconazole
- Triadimefon
- Triadimenol
- Troglitazone
- Vorozole
- YM511
- 锌
Note: 21-Hydroxylase inhibitors may also affect androgen levels as they prevent metabolism of androgen steroid precursors.
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其他 |
内源 |
前体: 胆固醇
- 22R-羟胆固醇
- 20α,22R-羟胆固醇
- 孕烯醇酮
- 17-羟基孕烯醇酮
- 黄体酮
- 17-羟孕酮
- Cortodoxone/Deoxycortisol
- 脱氢表雄酮
- 硫酸脱氢表雄酮
- 雄烯二醇
- 雄烯二酮
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间接 |
Estrogens/Antiestrogens (see here)
GnRH agonists/antagonists (see here)
Gonadotropins/Antigonadotropins (see here)
Plasma proteins (SHBG, ABP, Albumin)
Progestogens/Antiprogestins (see here)
- Prolactin
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操作 |
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雌激素
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受体 |
雌激素受体
(α, β)
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G蛋白偶联雌激素受体 |
激动剂: 雌二醇
- Fulvestrant
- G-1
- Genistein
- Quercetin
- Tamoxifen
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酶 (抑制剂)
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20,22-Desmolase |
- 22-ABC
- 3,3′-Dimethoxybenzidine
- 3-Methoxybenzidine
- Aminoglutethimide
- Cyanoketone
- Danazol
- Etomidate
- Mitotane
- Trilostane
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17α-Hydroxylase, 17,20-Lyase |
- 22-ABC
- 22-Oxime
- Abiraterone
- Bifonazole
- Clotrimazole
- Cyanoketone
- Cyproterone
- Danazol
- Econazole
- Galeterone
- Gestrinone
- Isoconazole
- Ketoconazole
- L-39
- Liarozole
- LY-207,320
- MDL-27,302
- Miconazole
- Mifepristone
- Orteronel
- Pioglitazone
- Rosiglitazone
- 螺内酯
- Stanozolol
- SU-10,603
- TGF-β
- Tioconazole
- Troglitazone
- VN/87-1
- YM116
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3β-HSD |
- 4-MA
- Azastene
- Cyanoketone
- Danazol
- Epostane
- Genistein
- Gestrinone
- Metyrapone
- Oxymetholone
- Pioglitazone
- Rosiglitazone
- Trilostane
- Troglitazone
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17β-HSD |
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Aromatase |
- 1,4,6-Androstatriene-3,17-dione
- 4-Androstene-3,6,17-trione
- 4-Cyclohexylaniline
- 4-Hydroxytestosterone
- 5α-DHNET
- Abyssinone II
- Aminoglutethimide
- Anastrozole
Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)
- Atamestane
- Bifonazole
- CGP-45,688
- CGS-47,645
- Clotrimazole
- DHT
- Difeconazole
- Econazole
- Exemestane
- Fadrozole
- Fenarimol
- Finrozole
- Formestane
- Imazalil
- Isoconazole
- Ketoconazole
- Letrozole
- Liarozole
- MEN-11066
- Miconazole
- Minamestane
- Nimorazole
- NKS01
- ORG-33,201
- Penconazole
- Plomestane
- Prochloraz
- Propioconazole
- Pyridoglutethimide
- Rogletimide
- Rotenone
- Talarozole
- Testolactone
- Tioconazole
- Triadimefon
- Triadimenol
- Troglitazone
- Vorozole
- YM511
- Zinc
Note: 5α-reductase and 21-hydroxylase inhibitors may also affect estrogen levels as they prevent metabolism of estrogen steroid precursors.
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Other |
Endogenous |
Estrogens: 5α-Androstane-3β,17β-diol
- DHEA
- Estetrol
- 雌二醇
- 雌三醇l
- Estrone
Antiestrogens: 2-Hydroxyestrone
- 16-Hydroxyestrone
Precursors: Cholesterol
- 22R-Hydroxycholesterol
- 20α,22R-Dihydroxycholesterol
- Pregnenolone
- 17-Hydroxypregnenolone
- Progesterone
- 17-Hydroxyprogesterone
- Cortodoxone/Deoxycortisol
- DHEA
- DHEA sulfate
- 16-Hydroxy-DHEA
- 16-Hydroxy-DHEA sulfate
- Androstenediol
- Androstenedione
- 16-Hydroxyandrostenedione
- Testosterone
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Indirect |
Androgens/Antiandrogens (see here)
Calcitriol (a form of Vitamin D)
GnRH agonists/antagonists (see here)
Gonadotropins//Antigonadotropins (see here)
Plasma proteins (SHBG, ABP, Albumin)
Progestogens/Antiprogestins (see here)
- Prolactin
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Procedures
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- Adrenalectomy
- Hypophysectomy
- Oophorectomy
- Orchiectomy
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孕酮受体調控劑
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PR |
受體致活劑 |
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Mixed (SPRMs) |
- Apigenin
- Asoprisnil
- Asoprisnil ecamate
- Guggulsterone
- 山柰酚
- J1042
- LG-120838
- Naringenin
- PRA-910
- Syringic acid
- Telapristone
受體拮抗劑: 美服培酮
- Org-31710
- Org-33628
- Ulipristal acetate
- ZK-137316
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Antagonists |
- 3α-Hydroxytibolone
- 3β-Hydroxytibolone
- Aglepristone
- Lilopristone
- Lonaprisan
- Onapristone
- Toripristone
- 丙戊酸
- Vilaprisan
- Zanoterone
- ZM-150271
- ZM-172406
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mPRs (PAQRs) |
受體致活劑 |
- 5α-Dihydroprogesterone
- 5β-Dihydroprogesterone
- 11-脱氧皮质酮
- 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone
- 17α,21-Dihydroxyprogesterone
- Allopregnanolone
- 美服培酮
- 孕烯醇酮
- 孕酮
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Antagonists |
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參見: 雄激素 • 雌激素 • Glucocorticoidics • Mineralocorticoidics • Steroid hormone metabolism modulators
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