止咳藥





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止咳药是指治疗咳嗽的药品，通常为片状（亦有含化的）、溶液和混悬液。




目录






  • 1 种类


  • 2 副作用


  • 3 娱乐滥用


  • 4 相關条目


  • 5 參考資料


  • 6 外部連結


    • 6.1 延伸閱讀







种类


药片

复方甘草片是中国大陆生产的一种含有吗啡成分的止咳药，2005年以前在中国大陆几乎是常用药品。起初药店不用提供任何身份证明即可购得，直到2004年列入处方药以后，使用者慢慢减少，更多人则选择了非处方药。


溶液



芬兰一种含有磷酸可待因的止咳药水


部分止咳水含有可待因或麻黄碱的过量服用会使人产生欣快感，故其被滥用者稱為搖頭水[1]），泛指用於止咳的所有藥水，包括醫生或藥房提供給病人使用的藥水。虽然遵循医嘱使用有治疗咳嗽的作用，但是如果使用過多止咳水而造成攝入止咳水内高劑量的可待因或鴉片，會令用者感覺興奮，及致上癮甚至犯罪[2]，而由醫生處方則為一湯匙，適量可大大減少咳嗽機會。[3]


混悬液

一些止咳药采用混悬液的方式制作，通常饮用之前需要摇匀。例如右美沙芬混悬液。



副作用




  • 呼吸壓抑

  • 口渴

  • 便秘

  • 食慾不振


  • 皮膚瘙痒、长皮疹


  • 蛀牙、代謝症候群（許多止止咳水含糖，使用後不注重牙齒清潔、過量使用則會有此副作用）

  • 精神错乱


  • 物质依赖（一些止咳水是鴉片類藥物，過量使用會成癮，依建議量使用通常成瘾的可能性比较小。倘若使用鴉片類藥物來治疗咳嗽，则其所需的劑量遠低於成癮劑量）



娱乐滥用


一些含有罂粟及其提取物如鸦片、吗啡、可待因的止咳药若大量服用会造成严重的物质依赖。2014年，沈阳一名男子为购买复方磷酸可待因溶液（商品名“立健亭”，黑话俗称“大力”）而抢劫，因服用此止咳药水之后语无伦次而網路爆紅[4]。



相關条目



  • 藥後駕駛

  • 毒品


  • 紫水（英语：Purple drank）（将含有可待因的止咳药水与软饮料（如雪碧）混合后的饮料，亦使人欣快及成瘾。）



參考資料





  1. ^ 止咳水成瘾调查：被挥霍的青春是社会之殇. 深圳新闻网. 2013-07-11 [2014-08-16]. 


  2. ^ 败家子取款机前抢劫只为筹“嗑药”钱. 沈阳晚报. 2013-12-18 [2014-08-16]. 


  3. ^ 為何感冒藥讓人「很感冒」？. www.youth.com.tw. [2016-12-14]. 


  4. ^ “大力哥”一夜暴富后生活乱了套. 辽沈晚报. 2014-01-29 [2014-08-16]. （原始内容存档于2014-08-19）. 




外部連結



  • HK Police website 止咳水


  • 一種含有可待因的止止咳水的說明書[永久失效連結]



延伸閱讀



  • 衛生福利部中央健康保險署-全球資訊網

  • 維他醫生手記: 淺淡感冒藥

  • 衛教走廊/家庭醫學科/我要吃感冒藥

  • 感冒藥 - 花蓮慈濟醫學中心

  • 生病=吃藥嗎？ - ViewArticle




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